帕金森病动物模型建立之:Rotenone 鱼藤酮(鱼藤精)

搜索关键词:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) 帕金森病;Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Inhibitor 线粒体呼吸链抑制剂;Complex I 呼吸链复合物I;Pesticide 杀虫剂;Rotenone 鱼藤酮;CAS:83-79-4;

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)病理特征:

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是仅次于阿尔茨海默病之后,第二大常见的慢性神经衰退疾病。

PD的主要病理特征有:中脑黑质致密区(SNc)多巴胺能神经元变性死亡,纹状体多巴胺(dopamine,DA)含量显著减少,黑质残存神经元胞质内出现嗜酸性包涵体,也称路易小体(Lewy bodies)。从作用机制角度来看,多巴胺能神经元的死亡与线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、神经炎症、不完全的自吞噬或蛋白酶体蛋白解等密切相关。除多巴胺能受体外,PD还对中枢神经系统许多其它区域的功能造成影响,比如迷走神经背核、麦纳尔底核的胆碱能神经元、蓝斑的去甲肾上腺素能神经元和下丘脑。总而言之,这些黑质纹状体外区域可能表达出大量的非运动症状,包括:睡眠障碍、抑郁、认知损伤、嗅觉丧失、便秘、大小便失禁和自主神经功能障碍。

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)模型建立:

建立PD的动物模型分为两类:遗传性(genetic)和神经毒性(neurotoxic)动物模型。

常见的神经毒性PD动物模型建立方法有:1)6-羟基多巴胺(6-Hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA);2)1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1- methyl -4- phenyl -1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine,MPTP);3)百草枯(paraquat);4)鱼藤酮(Rotenone);

其他不常见的黑质纹状体神经毒性模型建立方法有:1)利血平(Reserpine);2)α-甲基对位酪氨酸(α-methylparatyrosine);3)安非他命(amphetamine);4)异喹啉衍生物;5)脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS )。

鱼藤酮对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)的诱导效应:

诱导机制:鱼藤酮具极强的脂溶性,能快速穿透血脑屏障进入细胞,不需要特定的转运体。鱼藤酮产生神经毒性的机制主要依赖于其强效的线粒体转运复合物I的抑制活性。

诱导病征:当使用慢性低剂量方案诱导PD模型【文献1】,产生选择性的黑质纹状体神经衰退和α-突触核蛋白阳性的细胞质小体特征。

鱼藤酮诱导方法的应用前景:1)大脑中具广泛的复合物I抑制性,黑质纹状体通路(nigrostriatal pathway)出现选择性神经衰退,从而了解到黑质多巴胺能神经元本质上易受攻击;2)PD模型细胞死亡病理性机制与复合物I抑制的关联系认知加强;3)慢性低剂量神经毒性方案用来诱导路易斯体很是必要;4)鱼藤酮模型的成功建立,使科研工作者更好认识到环境源药物在偶发性PD发生中发挥的作用。

文献1:Betarbet R, et al. Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson’s disease. Nat Neurosci. 2000 Dec;3(12):1301-6.

PD模型建立方法(鱼藤酮):

1. 文献来源:Betarbet R, et al. Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson’s disease. Nat Neurosci. 2000 Dec;3(12):1301-6.

目的:建立一种精确的体内PD动物模型,能产生进行性、选择性的黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经衰退和路易斯体,以研究系统性复合物I缺陷的关联系,并解释鱼藤酮在PD疾病发展中潜在作用。

方法:以雄性Sprague Dawley和Lewis rats (300−350 g; approximately 2 months old) 为研究对象,将溶于等体积DMSO:PEG的鱼藤酮装入植入式胶囊渗透压泵(Alzet osmotic mini pumps,models 2ML4 or 2ML1),对照小鼠只给溶剂DMSO:PEG(1:1)。按照2.5-2.75mg/kg/day的剂量持续性给药1-5周,分别用银染法(byFD Neurosilver kit)和荧光探针Fluoro-Jade B来检测神经末梢衰退性状况,以及黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元细胞体形成情况。

图片描述:Degeneration of nerve terminals and cell bodies of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in perfusion-fixed brain sections. Sections were taken from rats that received 2.5−2.75 mg/kg per day rotenone for 1−5 weeks. (a, b) Silver staining in the striatum. (a) In a rat with a partial lesion (2.5 mg/kg per day for 7 days), silver deposits (gray material denoted by red arrows) were restricted to focal regions devoid of TH-immunoreactivity (brown reaction product). Silver grains and deposits indicate the presence of degenerating nerve terminals. Unaffected striatal regions and cortex lacked silver grains. ctx, cortex. Scale bar, 1 mm. (b) In a rat with an almost complete lesion (2.5 mg/kg per day for 33 days), there was widespread silver staining throughout the striatum (red arrows). Scale bar, 200µm. (c−f) Silver staining in substantia nigra. (c) In vehicle-infused rats, silver deposits were never seen in cell bodies or processes. (d, e) Nigral neurons containing silver grains were present, along with normal cells, in rotenone-treated animals with partial denervation of striatum. Arrowheads indicate presence of silver grains in dendrites. (f) Silver grains were present throughout cell bodies and dendrites of degenerating nigral neurons in rats with near complete denervation of striatum. Scale bar, 10µm. (g, h) Fluoro-Jade B histochemistry in substantia nigra. (g) In vehicle-infused rats, no Fluoro-Jade B positive neurons were detected. (h) In rotenone-treated rats, numerous Fluoro-Jade B positive neurons (white arrows) were seen in substantia nigra. Scale bar, 30µm.

2. 文献来源:Cannon JR, et al. A highly reproducible rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2009 May; 34(2):279-90.

目的:开发和鉴定一种重复性、连续性的鱼藤酮诱导的PD动物模型。通过组织学、神经化学和行为特征三个方面来鉴定模型的成功与否。

方法:鱼藤酮先溶于100%DMSO配制成50×储存液,稀释于中链的甘油三酯,Miglyol 812 N中,使得最终浓度为2.75或3.0 mg/ml鱼藤酮,溶剂为98% Miglyol 812 N+2% DMSO,漩涡混匀得到稳定的乳剂(emulsion)。一周新鲜制备2-3次,装入棕色安剖瓶,避光保存。按照1ml/kg的体积给药,或者给溶剂对照。

鱼藤酮的基本特性:

1)CAS NO:83-79-42)化学名:(2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,12,12a-Tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b] furo [2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one

3)同义名:Nicouline; Tubatoxin; NSC 8505; NSC 26258;

4)分子式:C23H22O6

5)分子量:394.4

6)纯度:≥95%

7)外观:白色至浅黄色粉末

8)溶解性:溶于乙醇(5 mM),DMSO(100 mM)

9)化学结构图:

    

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货号

产品名称 CAS NO.   规格    价格(元)    货期  

MX7451-1G     

Rotenone 鱼藤酮(鱼藤精)     

83-79-4

1g

450

现货

MX7451-5G Rotenone 鱼藤酮(鱼藤精) 83-79-4 5g 1250

现货

注意事项

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本品仅用作科研研究用,不可用在人身上,不可当成商业化的杀虫剂、杀鱼药来使用。

— —Written/Edited by V. Shallan【版权归集奇生物/MKBio懋康所有】